Exercise: Modal Verbs

Exercise 1: can, could, be able to
Exercise 2: can, could, may, might
Exercise 3: can, could, may, might
Exercise 4: Modal Verbs of Deduction
Exercise 5: don't have to, mustn't
Exercise 6: had better, would rather
Exercise 7: have something done
Exercise 8: make, let, allowed to
Exercise 9: Modal Verbs of Obligation
Exercise 10: need, needn't, should
Exercise 11: used to, be/get used to

Source: perso.wanadoo.es

Christmas or Xmas

Why do people spell Xmas instead of Christmas?

There are more reasons why people write "Xmas" instead of "Christmas". One reason is to be found in history.

In the Greek alphabet the letter c (Chi) is the first letter in the Greek word for "Christ". During the persecution of Christians the X was used a secret signs among the Christians.

In old publications "Xmas" is written instead of "Christmas".

"Christmas" means "the Mass of Christ". This is "Cristes maesse" in Old English.

The following words are used as well: (cnity=Christianity; cn=Christian)

Another reason is a practical one. "Xmas" is written faster than "Christmas". One can think that it is an invention of the advertising industry. "Xmas" is very common today.

Christmas in Britain

Christmas is Britain's most popular holiday. Its traditions and early ceremonies were rooted in pagan beliefs and date back hundreds of years. They are still part of contemporary Christmas celebrations.

The Druids, for example, honoured the mistletoe in their religion and sacrificial rites. The red berry of the holly was believed to protect one against witchcraft. Ivy symbolised immortality. The Vikings introduced the Yule log which used to be burnt in honour of God Thor. The English adapted this practice for Christmas and today's (electric) Christmas candle is a holdover from baronial days.

The custom of sending Christmas cards to friends and family originated in Britain, too. In 1843 John Calcott Horsley designed the first one for Sir Henry Cole. Thus began a real spread of sending Christmas cards and this practice soon became an established traditon. Favoured designs were Christmas feasts, church bells, plum and turkey as well as religious themes. Every year more than a billion Christmas cards are now sent in the United Kingdom. Many of them are sold in aid for charities.

Since 1840 the decorated and illuminated Christmas tree has gained popularity in England. Prince Albert brought this rite over from Germany. In 1848 the Illustrated London News published a picture of the Royal Family around one. The English families followed the Royal example and it can truly be called a Victorian innovation. Each year a giant Christmas tree is set up and decorated near the statue of Lord Nelson in Trafalgar Square. It commemorates Anglo-Norwegian cooperation during World War II.

On Christmas Eve carols are often sung by groups of singers walking from house to house, and children hang a stocking on the fireplace or at the foot of their bed for Father Christmas to fill. Caroling dates back to the Middle Ages when beggars were seeking for money, food or drink wandering the streets singing holiday songs.

On Christmas Day gifts are opened in the morning. Later the family will gather for the traditional Christmas dinner consisting of Brussels sprouts, fried potatoes with roast turkey, roast beef or goose. Sweet mince pie or Christmas pudding is served for dessert.

The pudding might contain coins or lucky charms for children. For afternoon tea Christmas cake is offered. It is rich baked fruit cake with marzipan and icing. A party favourite are Christmas crackers. There will be one to each plate on the Christmas dinner table. A Christmas cracker is a brightly coloured paper tube, twisted on both ends and filled with a party hat, a riddle and a toy.

The annual broadcasting of the Queen's Christmas Message is on Christmas Day afternoon. In 1932 King George brought this custom into being.

Boxing Day is on December 26th. This day takes its name from a former custom giving a Christmas box to delivery men and trades people called regularly through the year. Nowadays dustmen, milkmen, or postmen get a tip for a good service at Christmas time.

Now do the Fill-In-Exercise.

Here is a Scrambled-Letter-Exercise

This one is easy-peasy.

Source: englisch-hilfen.de

Santa Jigsaw Puzzle

Click here to do a puzzle. Switch on the speakers, please.

Song: I want a hippopotamus for Christmas

I want a hippopotamus for Christmas
Only a hippopotamus will do
Don't want a doll, no dinky Tinker Toy
I want a hippopotamus to play with and enjoy

I want a hippopotamus for Christmas
I don't think Santa Claus will mind, do you?
He won't have to use our dirty chimney flue
Just bring him through the front door,
that's the easy thing to do

I can see me now on Christmas morning,
creeping down the stairs
Oh what joy and what surprise
when I open up my eyes
to see a hippo hero standing there

I want a hippopotamus for Christmas
Only a hippopotamus will do
No crocodiles, no rhinoceroses
I only like hippopotamuses
And hippopotamuses like me too

Mom says the hippo would eat me up, but then
Teacher says a hippo is a vegeterian

There's lots of room for him in our two-car garage
I'd feed him there and wash him there and give him his massage

I can see me now on Christmas morning,
creeping down the stairs
Oh what joy and what surprise
when I open up my eyes
to see a hippo hero standing there

I want a hippopotamus for Christmas
Only a hippopotamus will do
No crocodiles or rhinoceroseses
I only like hippopotamuseses
And hippopotamuses like me too!

Shall - Had better - May - Have got to

shall
future action - I shall be there by 8:00
suggestions - Shall we begin dinner?
volunteering, promising - I shall make the travel arrangements. There's no need to worry.


had better
recommendation - People should unplug toasters before they clean them.
desperate hope, warning - The movie had better end soon. They had better be here before we start eating.

may
possibility - Jack may get upset if you don't tell him the truth.
give permission - You may leave the table when you finish your dinner.
request permission - May I make a phone call?

have got to
necessity - People have got to be on time if they want to get a seat in the crowded theater.


Exercise 1
Exercise 2




Source:
englishgrammarsecrets.com

Learn English with Mr Duncan - Lesson 5 - Giving News

Bat Quizzes

Click here and answer the questions about bats.
Here is another quiz.
And another easy one. Click here.

Watch this video about vampire bats:



Here you can see the millions of bats that live under the bridge in Austin, Texas:




Source:
news.bbc.co.uk
www.kidzone.ws
lhs.berkeley.edu

How we are being manipulated

Derren Brown

Photo: chess-press.com

Click here and watch.

You & Me 3 - Unit 5

Photo: abdn.ac.uk

Words and Phrases (Basic course): Gap-Fill-In-Exercise
Words and Phrases (Enriched course): Gap-Fill-In-Exercise
Vampires (Enriched course) : Text Reconstruction

Source:
lernen.schule.at

The Flirt Game

Can und Alex get to know Julie and Nina from England. But the girls don't speak German at all.
In this game you can easily improve your English and even become a flirt master!

Play the game here.

Lost in England - Online Dictation

Can you tell me the way to . . . ?


By clicking here you will watch and listen to street interviews.

You have to:

1. Click on the player to start the video.
2. Type complete words in the box.
3. You can type several words before you click on "Check" to see if your answers are correct.




Source:
eolf.univ-fcomte.fr

Some, Any and Compounds

What Went Wrong?

This is the story of four people:
Everybody, Somebody, Anybody, and Nobody.
There was an important job to be done, and Everybody was sure that Somebody would do it. Anybody could have done it, but Nobody did it. Somebody got angry, because it was Everybody’s job.
Everybody thought that Somebody would do it.
But Nobody asked Anybody.
It ended up that the job wasn’t done, and Everybody blamed Everybody, when actually Nobody asked Anybody.

recreation.ucsb.edu


Exercise 1
Exercise 2
Exercise 3
Exercise 4
Exercise 5
Exercise 6
Exercise 7



Source:
lernen.schule.at
ph-linz.at
hs-gunskirchen
englisch-hilfen.de
english-baladre.org
pgm.musin.de
cernet.at

Clothes and Things We Wear

Quiz 1 Quiz 2 Quiz 3 Quiz 4
Quiz 5 Quiz 6 Quiz 7 Quiz 8
Quiz 9 Quiz 10


Source:
agendaweb.org

Shopping

Dialogue 1
Dialogue 2
Dialogue 3
A shopping dialogue: At the Ladies' Wear Department

Now listen to a shopping dialogue

Source:
isabelperez.com
schule.at
suz.deutschdigital.de
audioenglish.net
ego4U.com

Webquest - A Business Trip to London

Have you ever planned a business trip before?
If you haven't, now you will get your chance!
You're going to plan and book a trip to London now. Click here.


Source: wizardwebquests.ch

Learn English with Mr Duncan - Lesson 4 - Idioms

You can find proverbs and idioms here and there

The Jubilee Walkway

Click on the photo to enlarge


The Jubilee Walkway is a London walking trail and is an ideal way of getting to know London.

London - Slide Show

London Quiz 1
London Quiz 2
London Quiz 3
London Quiz 4



Source:
cernet.at
ego4U.de
christian.bosmanns
englisch-hilfen.de

Electing a US President

Barack Obama is the new US President.
He was born on August 4, 1961 in Hawaii and lives in Chicago, Illinois.
Soon he will move to the White House in Washington D.C. (= District of Columbia) with his wife Michelle and his daughters Malia and Sasha.

You&Me 3 - Unit 4

Postcards from London: Gap-Fill-in-Exercise
Study and Change: Text Reconstruction
some/any and Compounds: Gap-Fill-in-Exercise

Source: lernen.schule.at

Learn English with Mr Duncan - Lesson 3 - Thank you

Song: Ghostbusters - Ray Parker Jr.

Lyrics:

If there's something strange
in your neighborhood
Who ya gonna call?
GHOSTBUSTERS

If there's something weird
and it don't look good
Who ya gonna call?
GHOSTBUSTERS

I ain't afraid of no ghosts
I ain't afraid of no ghosts

If you're seeing things
running through your head
Who can ya call?
GHOSTBUSTERS

An invisible man
sleeping in your bed
Who ya gonna call?
GHOSTBUSTERS

I ain't afraid of no ghosts
I ain't afraid of no ghosts

Who ya gonna call?
GHOSTBUSTERS

If ya all alone
pick up the phone
and call
GHOSTBUSTERS

I ain't afraid of no ghosts
I here it likes the ghost
I ain't afraid of no ghost
Yeah Yeah Yeah Yeah

Who ya gonna call?
GHOSTBUSTERS

If you've had a dose of a
freaky ghost baby
Ya better call
GHOSTBUSTERS

Lemme tell ya something
Bustin' makes me feel good!

I ain't afraid of no ghosts
I ain't afraid of no ghosts

Don't get caught alone no no

GHOSTBUSTERS

When it comes through your door
Unless you just want some more
I think you better call
GHOSTBUSTERS

Who ya gonna call?
GHOSTBUSTERS

Who ya gonna call?
GHOSTBUSTERS

I think you better call
GHOSTBUSTERS

Who ya gonna call?
GHOSTBUSTERS

I can't hear you
Who ya gonna call?
GHOSTBUSTERS

Louder
GHOSTBUSTERS

Who ya gonna call?
GHOSTBUSTERS

Who can ya call?
GHOSTBUSTERS

Who ya gonna call?
GHOSTBUSTERS

from: stlyrics.com

Hallowe'en

We were learning about Halloween last year. Click here and do the exercise - Easy peasy for you !!!


Halloween exercise:
Definite or Indefinite Article ("a", "an" or "the")
Now do the Halloween quiz

And once again: The haunted house



Source: KiCo4U.de

Shopping in London

London has lots of shops and big stores. There are also street markets which are really interesting.

Portobello Road is a great antique market which is open on Saturdays. You can find old furniture and vintage clothes there.



Petticoat Lane is the Cockney market. It is open on Sunday mornings and perhaps you can see a "Pearly King" and a "Pearly Queen".


Photo: ourfamily.com

Covent Garden was once the old fruit and vegetable market.
Now Covent Garden is a busy, but expensive place. There are lots of shops and cafes. The best time to go there is Saturday afternoon. Lots of people, mostly tourists watch the funny shows of artists and musicians.

Photo: holiday-beds-direct.com

Harrods is London's most famous department store. It is situated in Knightsbridge and very expensive. You can buy everything there, even an elephant.



Oxford Street is London's most popular shopping mall. This street is more than a mile long. The biggest shops are Selfridges, John Lewis and D.H. Evans. Carnaby Street is a great place for young people. It’s not expensive to shop there and there are lots of music shops, boutiques for young fashion, leather and souvenirs.

Parks in London

Hyde Park

People walk in that large park or sit in the grass. There is a lake called Serpentine where you can swim.


At Speakers' Corner people meet on Sunday morning and talk about anything.


Regent's Park

Photo: gallery.hd.org

In Regent's Park there is the London Zoo with more than 6000 animals. In summer you can see theatre plays there.

Photo: londonkids.co.uk

St. James's Park

St James's Park is the oldest and smallest park. It is near Buckingham Palace. Its lakes and gardens are beautiful.

Learn English with Mr Duncan - Lesson 2 - Accents

Mind the Gap

The Tube - The London Underground

Photo: bbc.co.uk
Click on the map to enlarge


The London Underground, or the Tube, as it is known to Londoners, is normally the quickest and easiest way of getting around London with 275 stations. Most people in London use the Tube.
The first section of the London Underground Railway was opened on January 10, 1863 between Paddington and Farringdon Street. Today London is served by 12 Tube lines. Underground trains on all lines run every few minutes between 5.30 until 00:30 Monday to Saturday, and between 7.30 - 23.30 on Sundays.





You can get a map for the entire Underground system free of charge from all train station ticket offices. No smoking is allowed on the Underground, either on trains or stations themselves. Smoking is also not allowed on buses.

Trains and platforms are described as Eastbound, Westbound, Northbound or Southbound depending on the direction of the line. The front of the train, and the platform indicator, will show the ultimate destination of the train - usually, but not always, the last station on the line.

If the station you are travelling to is not on the same line as the one where you start your journey, you need to change trains at any stations where two lines meet. For some journeys you may need to change lines twice.
Each line has its own unique colour, so you can easily follow them on maps and signs throughout the system.

Source: englisch-hilfen.de

London - Introduction and History

Foto: arts.ac.uk

INTRODUCTION

London is the biggest city in Britain. More than seven million people live and work there.
London is also one of the most important cities in the world. It is a centre for business and for tourism.
In London you can find some of the best theatres and museums in the world. You can find old and new buildings, and many beautiful parks.


HISTORY of LONDON

The Romans
The Romans came to England in AD 43. They built a town on the River Thames. The name of the town was Londinium. The Romans chose a good place for the town.

Photo: eastendtalking.org.uk

William the Conqueror
In 1066, William the Conqueror came to England. William came from Normandy in France. He became King of England and lived in London.
But William was afraid of the people of London. He built a big building for himself - the White Tower. Now it is part of the Tower of London.

Photo. sandisullivan.com


Shakespeare's London
Shakespeare was bom in Stratford-on-Avon in 1564. Later, he lived in London. Shakespeare wrote thirty-six plays. They are still read and acted all over the world.
The plays were acted in the Globe Theatre. The theatre was demolished in 1644.


Photo: departments.oxy.edu

The Great Fire
The houses in Shakespeare's London were built very close to one another. They were made of wood. Sometimes there were small fires.
On Saturday 2nd September 1666, there was a big fire. lt started in the house of the King's baker, in Pudding Lane, near London Bridge.
The baker's wífe woke up in the middle of the night. The house was burning. Soon the next house started burning. Then the next and the next ... The fire fumed until Thursday.
Most of London was burnt. A quarter of a million people lost their homes.

Photo: wikimedia.org


Dickens' London
People built houses again after the Great Fire. But they built them of stone and brick.
The city grew larger and larger. By 1830, there were more than one and a half million people in London.
The railways came. There were factories all over the city. London became richer and richer.
But there were also other changes. The city became dark and dirty. The air was full of smoke. People lived in very bad houses. Some very poor people did not have houses. They slept in buildings with beds for homeless people.
Charles Dickens lived from 1812 to 1870. He lived in London for many years. In his books we read about London at that time.

Photo: artknowledgenews.com

We read about the rich people in their big houses. And we read about the poor people. Many of the London poor had little to eat.
Most children did not go to school. Some of them worked all day in factories. Other children lived in the streets. Every day children died in the streets of London.
But London is better now. The city is much cleaner. And many Londoners work in offices or shops. But a lot of people still work in factories.

Photo: learnhistory.org

London Sights

Match the names on the right with the pictures on the left. Click here
englisch-hilfen.de

Learn English with Mr Duncan - Lesson 1

You&Me - Unit 3

Exercise 1: Vocabulary Unit 3
Exercise 2: Vocabulary Unit 3 (easy)
Exercise 3: Poison at The Grange - Vocabulary in Context
Exercise 4: Whodunnit - Vocabulary-Gap-Fill-Exercise
Exercise 5: Whodunnit - Enriched Course - Text Reconstruction



Source:
Herderschule
hs-lunzamsee

Learn English with Mr Duncan - Greeting

Autumn

The leaves are changing colour and beginning to fall from the trees.
Autumn is here.

The animals are getting busy, looking for somewhere warm and dry to spend the chilly winter months.
Play this game and help Sally the Squirrel collect nuts.

Source: BritishCouncil

Listening Exercise - Forrest Gump

Listen to the original voices of "Forrest Gump" and drag the words onto the lines to form a sentence.
Use all three buttons to get help if you have difficulties in understanding the clip.

Source:
pagesperso.fr

Conditional 2

1 I am sure she would go out if you .......................(ask) her nicely.
2 I would buy the shoes if they ................................. (not be) so expensive.
3 If people were more reasonable, there ............................... (be) no wars.
4 If you ..................... (be) at home, I would visit you.
5 If Norah were older, she .............................. (have) more sense.
6 If I were a famous filmstar, I ............................. (be) rich.
7 What ............................... (you, do) if you were me?
8 I would have a birthday party if mum .......................... (let) me have one.
9 If the sun shone, we ............................... (have) a picnic.
10 I would be sad if you ................................ (not help) me.
11 If I were a millionaire, I ......................... (have) a Rolls Royce.
12 If I were you, I .......................... (not do) that.
13 If it .......................... (not rain), I would go on a bike tour.
14 Sue would write a good test if she .................. (study) harder.
15 If you ........................... (not be) distracted, your results would be better.
16 Dad would repair my bike if I ......................... (be) at home.
17 If I ....................... (be) you, I would buy the house.
18 I wouild be sad if you ........................... (not help) me.
19 Our little cat would drink the milk if you ..................... (leave) the room.
20 If the weather ........................... (be) fine, we would go swimming.
21 Jane ........................ (go) skiing if it was snowing.
22 He would win the tennis match if he ........................... (train) harder.
23 What would you do if you .............................. (win) the lottery?
24 I would do it if I ............................ (can).
25 Tenerife would be my ideal holiday spot if there .................... (not be) so many tourists.

Superstars, this is today's homework. Print it out and fill in the correct form.

Conditional 1 and 2 - Crossword Puzzle

Klick here to solve the crossword puzzle


htldornbirn

D.I.S.C.O. - The Adjective Song by Ottawan

Copy the adjectives in your Words-Book and find the German meaning.

Lyrics:

She is disco (3x)

She is D delirious
She is I incredible
She is S superficial
She is C complicated
She is O oh, oh

She is D desirable
She is I irresistible
She is S super sexy
She is C such a cutie
She is O oh, oh, oh

D.I.S.C.O.
She is disco

She is D disastrous
She is I impossible
She is S super special
She is C crazy, crazy
She is O oh, oh

She is D delightful
She is I incredible
She is S sensational
She is C sweetest candy
She is O oh, oh, oh

D.I.S.C.O
She is disco

by magistrix.de

Exercises - Conditional 1

To practise these exercises, you have to print them, fill in the gaps and then click on the Key to check.

1 If he ………………………… (study) hard, he will pass the exam.
2 If he come, we ………………………………….. (go) to the theatre.
3 If she ……………………………. (get) the money, she will spend it on clothes.
4 If it rains, we …………………………………….(stay) at home.
5 If you invite him, he ……………………………….(come) to the party.
6 If he works hard, he ……………………………………… (succeed).
7 If the weather ……………………………… (be) fine, Peter will go swimming.
8 If dinner is not ready, I …………………………………… (go) out without it.
9 If he ……………………………. (play) the violin, I will play the piano.
10 If they ……………………………………. (not shut) the window, we’ll all die of cold.
11 She ………………………………… (not, come) to the party if you don’t invite her.
12 They won’t move to London if he …………………………. (not find) a job.
13 What ……………………………………… (you, do) if your mobile is lost?
14 If the lights ………………………. red, you must not cross the road.
15 The dog will bite you if you ………………………………..(not stop) teasing it.
16 If you help me with the housework, you………………………….. (get) some extra pocket money.
17 If Aunt Gwyneth sends you a birthday present, you ....................... (must) call her.
18 You will be overweight if you………………………………….. (not change) your diet.
19 If you ………………………………….. (not stop) that noise, I’ll get really angry.
20 If I have got a cold, I …………………………………….. (stay) in bed.
21 If they ………………………………………. (not turn) down the volume, I will call the police.
22 The milk turn sour if you …………………………………………… (not put) it in the fridge.
23 The baby ……………………………….. (wake) up if you are too noisy.
24 I can always talk to my friend if there ………………………………… (be) a problem.
25 If Peter …………………………….. (not drive) carefully, he will get off the road.

Click here --->Key

A game - Adverb/Adjective

Adverb and Adjective: A game

Conditional 1 - Exercises

Conditional 1:

Exercise 1
Exercise 2
Exercise 3
Exercise 4




Source:
web2.uvcs.uvic.ca
better-english.com
ego4u
englisch-hilfen.de

Conditional Clauses -/ If-Clauses

Type I

Die Erfüllung der Bedingung ist sehr wahrscheinlich. (was wird sein, wenn...)

if-clause	main-clause
If + simple present	- will future - modales Hilfsverb (can, must, may + Infintiv) - Imperative
If I learn, If Ben gets up early, If you see John tonight, I will pass the exams. (will future) he can catch the bus. (Hilfsverb) tell him to email me. (imperative)

Type II

Die Erfüllung der Bedingung ist unwahrscheinlich (aber grundsätzlich noch möglich).
(was wäre, wenn...)

if-clause	main-clause
If + simple past	- would/could/might + Infintiv
If I learned, If we told them the truth, If you took more exercise, I could pass the exams. they wouldn't believe us. you might feel better.

Type III

Die Erfüllung der Bedingung ist unmöglich (weil man von der Vergangenheit spricht).
(was hätte sein können, wenn... / was wäre anders gelaufen, wenn...)

if-clause	main-clause
If + past perfect	- would/could/might + have + past participle
If I had learned, If I'd had enough money, If Anne hadn't lent the money, I might have passed the exams. I could have gone to California. we wouldn't have been able to buy the car.

Beachte:

1. Der if-Satz kann auch dem Hauptsatz nachgestellt sein/werden.
   Achte immer darauf, wo der if-Satz steht
2. Kommaregelung:
   Steht der If-Satz am Anfang, so steht an dessen Ende ein Komma,
   steht jedoch der Hauptsatz am Anfang, so wird kein Komma verwendet, denn durch das "if" ist die Abgrenzung eindeutig.

Beispiele:

1) If I have time, I will phone you. → I will phone you if I have time.
2) If he had more time, he would help her. → He would help her if he had more time.

---

Irregular Verbs

How many Irregulars do you remember?


Irregular Verbs 1
Irregular Verbs 2
Irregular Verbs 3





Source:
bnv-bamberg

Prepositions - Some more exercises

Exercise 1:
Locators in space
Exercise 2
Preposition Quiz 1
Exercise 3
Preposition Quiz 2
Exercise 4
Preposition Quiz 3
Exercise 5:
Preposition Quiz 4
Exercise 6
Preposition Quiz 5







Source:
pageperso-orange
ESL

You & Me 3 - Unit 2

Word Order Exercise

Word Order Test

Words Unit 2

Vocabulary in Context

Rules: Exercise with Video





Source:
Herderschule