Passive Voice
Aktiv: Nick bought a big cake.
Passiv: A big cake was bought by Nick.
Tenses
Present: is/are bought
Past: was/were bought
Present Perfect : has/have been bought
Past Perfect T: had been bought
Future: will be bought
Conditional: would be bought
Bildung: "be" + Past Participle
Wir verwenden das Aktiv, wenn die handelnde Person im Vordergrund steht:
The policeman arrested Big Joe.
Wir verwenden das Passiv, wenn das Geschehen oder der Betroffene im Vordergrund steht:
Big Joe was arrested.
Der Verursacher wird nicht erwähnt, wenn er unwichtig ist (they, a man, somebody)
Lunch is served from 12 to 2.
Will man den Verursacher nennen, hängt man ein -by Objekt an.
The letters are brought by the milkman, because the postman is afraid of our dog.
Im Englischen wird das Passiv oft bei Gebrauchsanweisungen und Beschreibungen verwendet (deutsch: man)
How paper chains are made: First the paper is cut, then it is folded, .....
Passive Infinitive
Bildung: "be" + Past Participle
She must write the invitations. The invitations must be written.
She need not type the letter. The letter need not be typed.
He may give her a reward. She may be given a ...
He might leave the gate open. The gate might be left open.
He must not touch the silver. The silver must not be touched.
You can use my pen. My pen can be used.
They could warn the thief. The thief could be warned.
You shall turn off the light. The light shall be turned .....
You should do it at once. It should be done at ...
You ought to tell her about it. She ought to be told ....
Sätze mit 2 Objekten
She gave the children some sweets.
Some sweets were given to the children.
The children were given some sweets.
She gave them some sweets.
Some sweets were given to them.
They were given some sweets.
Bei Sätzen mit zwei Objekten können wir immer zwei Passivsätze bilden, d. h. jedes der beiden Objekte kann zum Subjekt eines Passivsatzes werden.
Im Englischen wird häufiger das "personal object" (the children, them) zum Subjekt des Passivsatzes gemacht (= personal passive)
Ein Personal Pronoun steht dann als Subjekt natürlich im 1. Fall:
She gave me a necklace. She gave you a necklace.
I was given ..... You were given.....
She gave her ............ She gave him............
She was given ............. He was given.......
She gave us ................... She gave them..........
We were given ......... They were given...
Bei folgenden Verben findest du häufig ein Personal Passive:
bring, give, lend, offer, pay, promise, teach, tell, sell, send, show
Print it out and stick it in your Grammar-Book. And don't forget to study!
No comments:
Post a Comment