The Normans under the Duke of Normandy, William the Conqueror fought against the English under King Harold of England. For six hours until late afternoon the English seemed like they were going to win. The Normans tried again and again, but they couldn't break through the Saxon shield wall and had to go back down the hill again.
The Saxon's shield wall was a tough defence
Then the Saxons made their fatal mistake. Late afternoon some of Harold's men broke their shield wall to chase the Normans, who they thought were giving up.This was to be their biggest mistake because when the Normans reached the bottom of the hill, they turned round and cut the English to bits.
The Norman cavalry rode among the English, hacking them down.
Finally, William brought in his archers and Harold's luck ran out. The arrows didn't break the Saxon line, it is believed that one of the arrows hit Harold in the eye.
The battle lasted for six hours.
| present simple I'm a teacher. | past simple He said he was a teacher |
| present continuous I'm having lunch with my parents. | past continuous He said he was having lunch with his parents. |
| present perfect simple I've been to France three times. | past perfect simple He said he had been to France three times. |
| present perfect continuous I've been working very hard. | past perfect continuous He said he had been working very hard. |
| past simple I bought a new car. | past perfect He said he had bought a new car. |
| past continuous It was raining earlier. | past perfect continuous He said it had been raining earlier. |
| past perfect The play had started when I arrived. | past perfect NO CHANGE POSSIBLE |
| past perfect continuous I'd already been living in London for five years. | past perfect continuous NO CHANGE POSSIBLE |
Other verb forms also sometimes change:
| will I'll come and see you soon. | would He said he would come and see me soon. |
can | could He said he could swim under water for two minutes. |
| must All tickets must be bought in advance. | had to He said that all tickets had to be bought in advance. |
| shall What shall we do about it? | should He asked what we should do about it. |
| may May I smoke? | might He asked if he might smoke. |
Aussagesätze
Wird ein Satz in die indirekte Rede gesetzt, gibt es zwei Unterscheidungen.
1. Wenn der Einleitungssatz in der Gegenwart steht, dann bleibt die Zeitform der direkten Rede auch in der indirekten Rede erhalten. Wird ein Satz in die indirekte Rede gesetzt, gibt es zwei Unterscheidungen.
Beispiel:
Direkte Rede: Susan: "I work in an office."
Indirekte Rede: Susan says that she works in an office. (Der Einleitungssatz ist hier: Susan says)
2. Wenn der Einleitungssatz in der Vergangenheit steht, dann wird die Zeitform verändert.
Beispiel:
Direkte Rede: Susan: "I work in an office."
Indirekte Rede: Susan said that she worked in an office. (Der Einleitungssatz ist hier: Susan said)
Die Zeitformen werden dabei wie folgt geändert:
| Verschiebung von Zeitformen | |
|---|---|
| vom | ins |
| Simple Present | Simple Past |
| Simple Past | Past Perfect |
| Present Perfect | |
| Past Perfect | |
| will | would |
| Progressive Formen | |
| am/are/is | was/were |
| was/were | had been |
| has been | |
| had been | |
| Verschiebung von Zeitformen | |
|---|---|
| von | in |
| Peter: "I work in the garden." | Peter said that he worked in the garden. |
| Peter: "I worked in the garden." | Peter said that he had worked in the garden. |
| Peter: "I have worked in the garden." | |
| Peter: "I had worked in the garden." | |
| Peter: "I will work in the garden." | Peter said that he would work in the garden. |
| Peter: "I can work in the garden." | Peter said that he could work in the garden. |
| Peter: "I may work in the garden." | Peter said that he might work in the garden. |
| Peter: "I would work in the garden." (could, might, should, ought to) | Peter said that he would work in the garden. (could, might, should, ought to) |
Progressive Formen | |
| Peter: "I am working in the garden." | Peter said that he was working in the garden. |
| Peter: "I was working in the garden." | Peter said that he had been working in the garden. |
| Peter: "I have been working in the garden." | |
| Peter: "I had been working in the garden." | |
| this (evening) | that (evening) |
| today/this day | that day |
| these (days) | those (days) |
| now | then |
| (a week) ago | (a week) before |
| last weekend | the weekend before / the previous weekend |
| here | there |
| next (week) | the following (week) |
| tomorrow | the next/following day |
